-
https://archivalgossip.com/collection/files/original/abcf99636a8f90a71584e2509b073b48.jpg
d9f5fe520ab6105d5eae9ba1afee6f96
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Geraldine Jewsbury (left) and Jane Welsh Carlyle (right), April 1855
Source
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<p>Markus, Julia. <em>Across an Untried Sea: Discovering Lives Hidden in the Shadow of Convention and Time. </em>2000, pp. 151.</p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Cushmania
Subject
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Cushman, Charlotte Saunders, 1816-1876.
Stebbins, Emma, 1815-1882.
gossip
Description
An account of the resource
A collection of archival material (letters, diaries, magazine clippings) collected from the Library of Congress, New York Public Library, and Philadelphia Historical Society that showcase the life of Charlotte Cushman, leading actress of the nineteenth century
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Library of Congress
New York Public Library
Philadelphia Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1816-1876
Person
An individual.
Birth Date
1812-08-22
Birthplace
Measham, Derbyshire
Death Date
1880-09-23
Admin Comment
Comments for further research, pending questions, tasks that still have to be completed
https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/the-romantic-friendship-of-jane-carlyle-and-geraldine-jewsbury<br /><br />http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/jewsbury_the_collected_writings/Publishers-Note.aspx<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/svPeople?people_tab=3&crumbtrail=on&formname=r&heading=h&person_id=jewsge&subform=1#FriendsandSocialCirclesinManchester">http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/svPeople?people_tab=3&crumbtrail=on&formname=r&heading=h&person_id=jewsge&subform=1#FriendsandSocialCirclesinManchester</a><br />Accessed 22 July, 2020<br />what follows is a quote from the Orlando project with surces given there -->added here in brackets:<br /><br />
<h3>Friends and Social Circles in Manchester</h3>
<div class="paragraph">The Jewsbury home became the social and intellectual centre of <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=4:16:s" title="Settlement (city, town, village) link: Manchester">Manchester</a>, and GJ became known for her wit and charm. [Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 66.]</div>
<div class="paragraph">She and her <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:38" title="Person Name link: Jewsbury, Frank">brother</a> entertained such visitors as <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:39" title="Person Name link: Lewes, George Henry">George Henry Lewes</a>, dramatist <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:40" title="Person Name link: Marston, John Westland">Westland Marston</a>, Italian exile and journalist <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:41" title="Person Name link: Gallenga, Antonio">Antonio Gallenga</a>, manufacturer <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:42" title="Person Name link: Forster, William Edward">William Edward Forster</a>, mechanical engineer <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:43" title="Person Name link: Whitworth, Joseph">Joseph Whitworth</a>, poet and weaver <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:44" title="Person Name link: Bamford, Samuel">Samuel Bamford</a>, and historian <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:45" title="Person Name link: Green, Mary Anne Everett">Mary Anne Everett Green</a>.</div>
<div class="paragraph"><a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:46" title="Person Name link: Gaskell, Elizabeth">Elizabeth Gaskell</a> was also a visitor, friend, and neighbour. Returning one of her visits, GJ was reportedly found sitting on the floor of Gaskell's drawing-room, reading aloud from <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:48" title="Person Name link: Lamb, Charles,, 1775 - 1834">Charles Lamb</a>'s <em>The Essays of Elia</em>.<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=23&t=6:109268" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=23&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=23&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 23. ]</div>
<div class="paragraph">Other friends and acquaintances of the Jewburys in <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=4:17:s" title="Settlement (city, town, village) link: Manchester">Manchester</a> included the journalists Alexander Ireland and Thomas Ballantyne, <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:51" title="Person Name link: Espinasse, Francis">Francis Espinasse</a>, educational reformer William Ballantyne Hodgson, historian <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:53" title="Person Name link: Dixon, William Hepworth">William Hepworth Dixon</a> (whose daughter <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:54" title="Person Name link: Dixon, Ella Hepworth">Ella</a> provided <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:55" title="Person Name link: Howe, Susanne">Susanne Howe</a> with "personal recollections"<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=xiv&t=6:109268" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=xiv&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=xiv&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a> [Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: xiv.] of GJ for <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:57" title="Person Name link: Howe, Susanne">Howe</a>'s 1935 biography), John Stores Smith, chemist Henry Edward Schunck, <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:60" title="Person Name link: Dilberoglue, Stauros">Stauros Dilberoglue</a>, actor <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:61" title="Person Name link: Macready, William Charles">William Charles Macready</a>, and dramatist <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:62" title="Person Name link: Knowles, James Sheridan">James Sheridan Knowles</a>.<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109478&qtdin=&text=304, 306&t=6:109478&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=37-40, 45, 60, 65-70, 111-12&t=6:109268" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109478&qtdin=&text=304, 306&t=6:109478&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=37-40, 45, 60, 65-70, 111-12&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109478&qtdin=&text=304, 306&t=6:109478&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=37-40, 45, 60, 65-70, 111-12&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 37-40, 45, 60, 65-70, 111-12.
<p class="biblCitation">Mercer, Edmund. "Geraldine Endsor Jewsbury." <em>Manchester Quarterly</em>. 17 (1898): 301-21: 304, 306. ]</p>
</div>
<a name="TheCarlyles"></a>
<h4>The Carlyles</h4>
<div class="paragraph chronstruct"><strong>March 1841</strong> GJ first met the <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:64" title="Person Name link: Carlyle, Jane Welsh">Carlyles</a>, just under a year after she had introduced herself by letter to <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:65" title="Person Name link: Carlyle, Thomas">Thomas</a>.<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=29268&qtdin=&text=&t=6:29268&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=43&t=6:109268" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=29268&qtdin=&text=&t=6:29268&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=43&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=29268&qtdin=&text=&t=6:29268&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=43&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a> [Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 43.
<p class="biblCitation"><em>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</em>. Matthew, Henry Colin Gray ed., Brian Harrison ed., and Lawrence Goldman ed. <a href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/" target="_blank" class="bibliography_url" rel="noopener"><http://www.oxforddnb.com/></a> 26 October 2004.]</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">The Carlyles invited her to visit them at <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=4:18:a" title="Address (within place) link: Cheyne Row">Cheyne Row</a> after being impressed by her letter to Thomas Carlyle about his earlier writing. GJ returned for another visit in early 1843 when Carlyle was working on <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=2:4" title="Title (of text) link: Past and Present"><em>Past and Present</em></a>. While she and the Carlyles were to develop a lasting friendship, visits during the early years of their acquaintance were marked by increasing tensions. During one ill-fated visit, Thomas Carlyle is reported to have called GJ "an incurable fool."<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=48&t=6:109268" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=48&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=48&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a> [Quoted in Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 48.] Several months later, relations between Jane Carlyle and GJ improved when the latter helped the former to find domestic positions for two girls from a family whom Jane Carlyle was assisting through financial need.<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=43, 48, 51&t=6:109268&dbref=109478&qtdin=&text=303-4&t=6:109478" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=43, 48, 51&t=6:109268&dbref=109478&qtdin=&text=303-4&t=6:109478','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=43, 48, 51&t=6:109268&dbref=109478&qtdin=&text=303-4&t=6:109478','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 43, 48, 51.
<p class="biblCitation">Mercer, Edmund. "Geraldine Endsor Jewsbury." <em>Manchester Quarterly</em>. 17 (1898): 301-21: 303-4.]</p>
</div>
<a name="JaneWelshCarlyle"></a>
<h4>Jane Welsh Carlyle</h4>
<div class="paragraph">Despite the rocky beginning to their friendship, GJ and <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:70" title="Person Name link: Carlyle, Jane Welsh">Jane Carlyle</a>, eleven years her senior, developed a passionate and life-long intimate relationship. In a letter of 1841 GJ declared, "I think of you very often; indeed, you are scarcely ever out of mind."<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=110224&qtdin=&text=1&t=6:110224" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=110224&qtdin=&text=1&t=6:110224','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=110224&qtdin=&text=1&t=6:110224','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a> [Jewsbury, Geraldine, and Jane Welsh Carlyle. <em>Selections from the Letters of Geraldine Endsor Jewsbury to Jane Welsh Carlyle</em>. Annie Elizabeth Ireland (as Mrs. Alexander Ireland) ed. London: Longmans, Green, 1892: 1. ] Again in this first year of their friendship she wrote: "I love you my darling, more than I can express, more than I am conscious of myself."<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=152&qtdin=&text=164&t=6:152" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=152&qtdin=&text=164&t=6:152','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=152&qtdin=&text=164&t=6:152','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a> [Faderman, Lillian. <em>Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic Friendship and Love Between Women from the Renaissance to the Present</em>. New York: William Morrow, 1981: 164.]</div>
<div class="paragraph">On visits to the home at <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=4:19:s" title="Settlement (city, town, village) link: Seaforth">Seaforth</a> in <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=4:19:r" title="Region (county, province, etc.) link: Lancashire">Lancashire</a> of a mutual friend, <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:72" title="Person Name link: Paulet, Elizabeth">Elizabeth Paulet</a> (a relation of the Jewsburys), GJ developed intense feelings of jealousy when Jane Carlyle gave her attentions too exclusively to Paulet.<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=53&t=6:109268" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=53&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=53&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 53.]</div>
<div class="paragraph">Jane Carlyle describes another occasion at Seaforth, this time in 1844, when GJ, upset over an earlier dispute, entered her friend's bedroom at night and acted in such a way that it was a "revelation" to <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:75" title="Person Name link: Carlyle, Jane Welsh">Carlyle</a>, "not only of Geraldine, but of human nature! Such mad, lover-like jealousy on the part of one woman towards another."<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=110340&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=196&t=6:110340" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=110340&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=196&t=6:110340','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=110340&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=196&t=6:110340','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Quoted in Woolf, Virginia. "Geraldine and Jane." (1929). Virginia Woolf. <em>The Second Common Reader</em>. Alternate Title: <em>The Common Reader, Second Series</em>. London: Hogarth Press, 1932. 186-201: 196.]</div>
<div class="paragraph">Apart from these occasional quarrels, GJ and <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:77" title="Person Name link: Carlyle, Jane Welsh">Jane Carlyle</a> very much enjoyed their visits to Seaforth—visits which included smoking tobacco.<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=54-5&t=6:109268" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=54-5&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=54-5&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 54-5.]</div>
<div class="paragraph">However, the intense jealousy that had early affected the friendship persisted. Around 1846 GJ began her friendship with the American actress <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:79" title="Person Name link: Cushman, Charlotte">Charlotte Cushman</a>, who was then visiting <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=4:20:s" title="Settlement (city, town, village) link: Manchester">Manchester</a>. Much to the frustration of Carlyle, Jewsbury began to write affectionate letters to Cushman, with whom she also reportedly "swore eternal friendship."<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=70&t=6:109268" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=70&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=70&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a> [Quoted in Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 70.] Years later GJ was enraptured by another actress, <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:81" title="Person Name link: Faucit, Helen">Helena Faucit Martin</a>, whom she had seen perform many of <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:82" title="Person Name link: Shakespeare, William">Shakespeare</a>'s heroines. She sent Martin adoring letters.<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=185-6&t=6:109268" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=185-6&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=185-6&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 185-6.]</div>
<div class="paragraph">The relationship between Carlyle and Jewsbury suffered several breaks, but in general the two friends supported each other through many difficult times. After suffering a breakdown in 1846, Carlyle spent a few weeks recuperating at Jewsbury's home in <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=4:21:s" title="Settlement (city, town, village) link: Manchester">Manchester</a>. In 1862 they were torn apart by a disagreement, but they were reconciled by 1864 when GJ was staying with the Carlyles and caring for Jane, who had fallen ill.<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=170-1&t=6:109268" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=170-1&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=170-1&t=6:109268','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: 170-1.]</div>
<div class="paragraph">Despite the occasional friction between them, GJ felt that her friendship with <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:85" title="Person Name link: Carlyle, Jane Welsh">Jane Carlyle</a> was a step towards a new reality for women. Writing to Carlyle in 1849, she expressed her dream of a future in which women
<div class="blockquote">"will be able to be friends and companions in a way they cannot be now. All the strength of their feelings and thoughts will not run into love; they will be able to associate with men, and make friends of them, without being reduced to their position to see them as lovers or husbands . . . . they will make themselves women, as men are allowed to make themselves men . . . . I do not feel that either you or I are to be called failures. We are indications of a development of womanhood which as yet is not recognised."<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=109127&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=57&t=6:109127" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109127&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=57&t=6:109127','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=109127&qtdin=QTDINYES&text=57&t=6:109127','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Quoted in Fryckstedt, Monica Correa. "New Sources on Geraldine Jewsbury and the Woman Question." <em>Research Studies</em>. 51.2 (June 1983): 51-63: 57.]</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">GJ remained close friends with both Carlyles until <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:87" title="Person Name link: Carlyle, Jane Welsh">Jane</a>'s sudden death in 1866, at which time she was reportedly one of the two people asked to identify her friend's body at <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=4:22:p" title="Placename (e.g. building name) link: St George's Hospital">St George's Hospital</a>.<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=101791&qtdin=&text=238&t=6:101791" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=101791&qtdin=&text=238&t=6:101791','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=101791&qtdin=&text=238&t=6:101791','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Crosland, Camilla (as Mrs. Newton Crosland). <em>Landmarks of a Literary Life, 1820-1892</em>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1893: 238. ] She is said to have supported the grieving <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=0:88" title="Person Name link: Carlyle, Thomas">Thomas Carlyle</a> after the death of his wife. In later years he visited her in <a class="actionItem" href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/wheel?src_ref=jewsge-b.sgm&doc_type=0&&t=4:23:s" title="Settlement (city, town, village) link: Llanover">Llanover</a> during the final stages of her fatal illness.<a href="http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/getBibcit?&dbref=1759&qtdin=&text=&t=6:1759&dbref=109478&qtdin=&text=303-4&t=6:109478&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=x-xi, 42&t=6:109268&dbref=1162&qtdin=&text=255&t=6:1162" target="external" onclick="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=1759&qtdin=&text=&t=6:1759&dbref=109478&qtdin=&text=303-4&t=6:109478&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=x-xi, 42&t=6:109268&dbref=1162&qtdin=&text=255&t=6:1162','citation'); return false;" onkeypress="javascript:rollyRules('getBibcit?&dbref=1759&qtdin=&text=&t=6:1759&dbref=109478&qtdin=&text=303-4&t=6:109478&dbref=109268&qtdin=&text=x-xi, 42&t=6:109268&dbref=1162&qtdin=&text=255&t=6:1162','citation'); return false;" title="open bibliographic citation in a new window"><img src="http://orlando.cambridge.org/pics/bibcit.gif" alt=" Bibliographic Citation link. " class="BIBCIT" /></a>[Howe, Susanne. <em>Geraldine Jewsbury: Her Life and Errors</em>. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935: x-xi, 42.
<p class="biblCitation">Mercer, Edmund. "Geraldine Endsor Jewsbury." <em>Manchester Quarterly</em>. 17 (1898): 301-21: 303-4.]</p>
</div>
Occupation
writer
Secondary Texts: Comments
Secondary sources that have explicitly commented on the respective item or raised important concerns/questions that are of interest
Merrill comments that Jewsbury was very fond of Charlotte Cushman playing Bianca in <em>Fazio </em>(139-140).<br /><br />Merrill states that Bianca in Half Sister is "largely" (85) based on Cushman.
Sex
Female
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Geraldine Endsor Jewsbury
Subject
The topic of the resource
Jewsbury, Geraldine Endsor, 1812-1880
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Reference
Person
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
0031
Description
An account of the resource
She writes several novels, among which <em>Half Sisters</em> (1848) is her most famous one. It comments on Victorian society and gender norms. The character Bianca, an actress who is half Italian, is said to be loosely based on Charlotte Cushman with whom Jewsbury is temporarily in a passionate relationship. Both meet in Manchester for the first time and are introduced to each other by their mutual friend Mary Howitt.<br />Later on, Jewsbury is in a same-sex relationship with Jane Welsh Carlyle, to whom she once wrote:<br />"how can people sell their souls for the sake of furniture and respectability?" (February 19, 1842; <a href="https://archive.org/details/selectionsfromle00jewsuoft/page/418%20 https://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/jewsbury/letters/gej.html " target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Source)</a>