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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Gossip Columns and Columnists</text>
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                <text>The collection stores items related to the question of how gossip was talked about, referenced, and used in nineteenth-century periodicals. It showcases letters, diaries, articles, auto/biographical accounts of relevant journalists as well as exemplary gossip columns and articles. &lt;br /&gt;Visit the &lt;a href="https://www.archivalgossip.com/sources/archives/"&gt;list&lt;/a&gt; of archives from which the archival sources were derived.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
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    <description>An individual.</description>
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        <name>Birth Date</name>
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            <text>07/03/1855</text>
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        <name>Death Date</name>
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            <text>01/21/1948</text>
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            <text>"Gertrude Mossell (1855-1948) Journalist, educator, feminist Gertrude Mossell was born July 3, 1855, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and worked as a teacher for several years before becoming a journalist in the early 1870s. She wrote columns and articles for many black newspapers including the&lt;em&gt; Indianapolis Freeman&lt;/em&gt;, the &lt;em&gt;Philadelphia Echo&lt;/em&gt;, the &lt;em&gt;Richmond Rankin Institute&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Our Women and Children&lt;/em&gt;, the &lt;em&gt;Indianapolis World&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Woman's Era&lt;/em&gt;. She also wrote for white newspapers and magazines such as &lt;em&gt;Ladies Home Journal&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;The Philadelphia Times&lt;/em&gt;, the&lt;em&gt; Philadelphia Inquirer&lt;/em&gt;, and the &lt;em&gt;Philadelphia Press&lt;/em&gt;. In December 1885 Mossell began writing a column entitled "The Woman's Department" for &lt;em&gt;The New York Freeman&lt;/em&gt;, at the time the leading African American newspaper in the United States. It was the first woman's column published in a black newspaper, and was used to advocate for equal rights for women. It appeared in &lt;em&gt;The Freeman&lt;/em&gt; until 1886. Mossell was also one of the first to recommend that newsboys be used to distribute papers in African American communities, and to suggest that a black newspaper syndicate similar to the Associated Press be established. Such an organization was established upon the founding of The Associated Negro Press in 1919. Mossell died in Philadelphia on January 21, 1948. " (via &lt;a href="https://www.pbs.org/blackpress/news_bios/mossell.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;PBS.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
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        <description>Secondary sources that have explicitly commented on the respective item or raised important concerns/questions that are of interest</description>
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            <text>Garland Penn in &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/afroamericanpre00penngoog/page/404/mode/2up?q=mossell" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Afro-American Press and Its Editors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1891) provides a valuable overview of her career and also cites her evaluation of other journlists throughout his study.&lt;br /&gt;A biographical sketch is also included in &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646179309359786" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;"Gertrude Bustill Mossell: Guiding Voice for Newly Freed Blacks"&lt;/a&gt; (1993) by Rodger Streitmatter.</text>
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              <text>Gertrude Mossell</text>
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          <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <text>Mossell, Gertrude Emily Hicks Bustill, 1855-1848</text>
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          <name>Identifier</name>
          <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <text>0971</text>
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              <text>Gertrude Mossell, also known as Mrs. N.F. Mossell (1855-1948), was one of the most influental Black female journalists and editors of the late nineteenth century. She wrote, among others, for &lt;em&gt;Indianapolis World&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Woman's Era&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Colored American Magazine,&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;em&gt;The New York Age&lt;/em&gt;, later &lt;i&gt;&lt;em&gt;The &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;New York Freeman. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Here, she ran the column &lt;a href="https://archivalgossip.com/collection/items/show/989" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;"Our Woman’s Department.”&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In &lt;span class="breaker-breaker" itemprop="name"&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/workofafroameric00moss"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Work of the Afro-American Woman&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1894) she recommends journalism as a profession to educated Black women whom she expects to find employment in Black as well as white papers. She also envisions a "future day" when there will be a "a women's journal, by our women, for our women" (98 pp.)&lt;br /&gt;Due to her prominence, Mossell was herself repeatedly mentioned (as both journalist and private person) in contemporary newspapers.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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      <name>black periodicals</name>
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